Chapter 4 Study Guide Biology

Biology 141 Written report Guide – Chapter 4

1. What are the three components of a nucleotide? Which of these components are

institute in both RNA and DNA? Which are found but in Deoxyribonucleic acid or RNA? What is the

defining feature that distinguishes RNA and DNA?

A. Iii components: (all are found in both Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA)

Nitrogenous Base of operations

Purines and pyrimidines are the two categories of nitrogenous bases. Adenine and

guanine are purines. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines. In DNA, the bases

are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In RNA, the bases are

adenine, thymine, uracil, and cytosine,

Pentose Sugar

In DNA, the sugar is ii'-deoxyribose. Inorth RNA, the sugar is ribose. Both ribose and

deoxyribose are 5-carbon sugars. The carbons are numbered sequentially, to help keep

rails of where groups are attached. The only difference between them is that 2'-

deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom attached to the second carbon.

Phosphate Group

A single phosphate group is PO43- . The phosphorus atom is the central atom. I atom

of oxygen is connected to the 5-carbon in the sugar and to the phosphorus atom. When

phosphate groups link together to form chains, as in ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the

link looks similar O-P-O-P-O-P-O, with two additional oxygen atom fastened to each

phosphorus, one on either side of the cantlet.

Difference - RNA contains ribose (hydroxyl bonded to 2' carbon)

DNA contains deoxyribose (hydrogen bonded to 2' carbon)

Deoxyribonucleic acid contains thymine, RNA contains uracil

two. What serves as an energy source for polymerization reactions? Explain in terms

of potential energy.

Polymerization of nucleotides or Deoxyribonucleic acid strands is the basic reaction which occurs during

complementary nucleotide base pairing in double stranded DNA. In this reaction, the

two nucleotides are joined to each other past double (A=T) or triple (GC) hydrogen bonds.

The energy which drives this process comes from hydrolysis of ATP to release inorganic

phosphates.

Chapter 4 Study Guide Biology,

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